Vawk natna chi hrang hrang Mizorama kan hmuh tawh zinga la tel ve lo African Swine Fever (ASF) hi vawk natna tihbaihawm tak ani a, tun thleng hian Africa leh Europe khawmualpui ah a hluar hle a, Asia khawmualpui ah chuan 2017 thleng khan he natna hi report ala awmlo. Amaherawhchu, kum 2 kal ta atangin tun thleng hian Asia ram 4, Cambodia, People’s Republic of China, Mongolia leh Vietnam ah te he natna avanga vawk pul report a awm ta fo ani. Heng report a luh tirh (2017) atanga tun thleng hian, ASF vanga pul hri leng 97% hi Asia khawmualpui atangin ani ta tlat mai a, Europe leh Africa te erawh chu he natna do kawngah an hlawhtling chho a ni tih a lantir. Chutihrualin, Asia ram te chuan he hri hi kanla buaipui dawn chauh niin a lang, heng ram economy te hi a nghawng pha in a tibuai mek hial ani. Heng ram 4 zingah hian China ram hi a nghawng nasa fal hle a, vawk maktaduai tel an thih mai bakah, a natna a darh zel loh nan maktaduai tel vawk tihhlumbelh te anlo ngaih phah hial tawh!
Kum 10 kalta atang khan, Mizoram vawk vulhtu te ti manganga tibuai em em tu natna Classical Swine Fever (CSF) leh Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) te hi kan hriatlar te anni a. India ram pum huap ah pawh scientist ten Mizoram hi PRRS pul hri an hmuhna hmasa ber kan ni hial. Mizoram ah hian vawksa mamawhna a sang hle a, vawksa ei hnam kan nih angin, hei hian vawk vulhtu te tan karna (pressure) nasa tak a awm reng phah ani. A lehlamah, PRRS leh CSF vangin vawk an pul fo reng mek bawk si a. Heng hri te avang hian vawk vulhtu te pawh an tim phah hle a, vawk note han chawk luh a han vulh leh mai te pawh a huphurhawm phah hial a ni. Chutiang anih mek laia ASF, heng natna te ai pawh a hlauhawm alo luh belh hi a huphurhawm in venthawn a ngai hle tih a chiang zual a ni.
ASF hi DNA virus vanga thleng a ni a, a thlentu virus hi genus Asfivirus niin Asfarviridae chhungkua a virus awm a ni. Mak tak mai in, saphihrik (Ornithodoros spp.) atanga taidarh thei DNA virus awmchhun (arbovirus) ani lehzel a. Tin, vawk taksa ah te, thisen ah te leh an ek ah te an nung thei a. Chumi piah lamah boruak ah rei tak nung thei in, vawksa hel leh hel lo ah te a nung thei a, boruak sa em em leh vawt tak (freezer) ah te pawh a nung thei tlat mai.
Vawka ASF natna lanchhuah dan hi CSF leh PRRS lanchhuah dan nen a inang in hriat hran a har hle a, laboratory a uluk taka endika, chu hri chu zirchianna tello chuan hriathran ngawt theih a ni lo. Amaherawhchu, CSF leh PRRS natna te ang lo takin, ASF hri vei tawh vawk chu an thi ngei ngei a ngaih a ni thung (100% mortality). Chuvangin, ASF hi India mai ni lo, Mizoram a lo lut anih hlauh chuan, kan vawk vulh dan enin vawk tam tak an pul in an thi phuk phuk ang tih chu thil hlauhthawnawm tak a ni.
ASF thlentu virus hi inkaichhawn awlsam tak anih avangin a darh chak hle a. Tual vawk mai nilo, sanghal leh saphihrik te atanga intaidarh thei vek a ni.Vawkin he hri a vei chuan a thisen, taksa, thlan, hnap tui leh chil atang te in a kai darh thei a. Chuvangin vawk chaw, vawk in, vawk enkawltu thawmhnaw leh vawk in chhunga hmanrua eng emaw te atangin vawk dangin an kai awlsam hle. Vawksa (ASF natna hri awmna) hel leh chhum hmin atang pawhin a kai theih a. Vawksa hel dah khang (frozen) ah he virus hi thla 3-6 chhung a dam thei hial a ni.
ASF vei vawk te hi an taksaa natna a lan chhuah hmain an thi thut fo a (acute form). He natna a lan chhuah chuan khawsik sang lutuk lo (40.5–42°C), vun sen (vawk var bik ah), beng hmawr, mei hmawr, leh ke hmawr sen, vun duk chur te a lang chhuak thin. Vawk chuan chaw an ei tha duh lova, an zawi ngawih ngawih a, hai/vai ruai ang ten an thih hma darkar 24-48 ah an awm thin bawk. Tin, luak leh kawthalo (thisen tel), mit na te a awm thin bawk a ni. An natna a zual zel chuan ni 6-13 (a changin ni 20) hnu ah vawk hi an thi tlangpui a. Vawkpui rai lai ah nau chhiat a thlen thei lehzel a, heng te hian an thihna chance hi 100% ah a kai chhoh tir thin ta a ni. Heng vawk thi atanga thisen emaw an taksa post-mortem te hi ASF natna nemngheh/tih chian nan laboratory ah thawn ngei a tul a ni. Tun dinhmunah chuan, he natna hri damna tur damdawi emaw a virus laka veng/do thei tur vaccine/damdawi hmuhchhuah ala nih loh avangin khawvelin a buaipui mup mup ani.
April 2019 a OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) chuan China ringawt ah vawk maktaduai 1.01 chu thla ruk chhungin an thi tih thuchhuah a siama. Hei hian nasa takin an vawk industry lian tak, khawvel a vawksa leh a kaihhnawih thil siamte thawnchhuaktu leh vulh tamna ber ram economy hi a sawinghing nasa hle a ni. Tun dinhmun anga ASF vanga vawk an pul zui zel anih chuan China hian khawvel pum a vawksa chanve thawnchhuaktu a nihna dinhmun hi a chelh reng theilo ang tih a rinawm. Tin, April 2019 vek hian World Pork Expo chu ASF vang hian anlo thulh phah hial bawk a ni. Report hnaivai berah chuan, ASF hi China leh Arunachal Pradesh (Northeast India) in ri na ah hmuhchhuah anih avangin ASF hian Mizoram a rawn thleng vat lovang tih a sawi theih loh a ni. Vawk vulhtu te mai ni lovin, hemi lam a mawhphurhna neitute Vety. Officer leh a zirchiangtu Scientist te a bikin kan inralrin a tul takzet a ni.
April ni 23, 2019 khan ASF zirchianna scientific workshop chu Directorate of A.H. &Vety., Khatla, Aizawl ah Dr. Hmarkunga, Director, A.H. &Vety. chairman na hnuaiah hman a ni a. Meeting ah hian hemi subject lama mithiamte, Prof. T. K. Dutta, Head of the Department leh Dr. P. Roychoudhury, Associate Professor, Dept. of Veterinary Mcirobiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Selesih, Aizawl te chuan zirtirna an pe a ni. Technical committee chu Dr. Lalnuntluanga Colney, Joint Director (LH) chairman na hnuai ah din niin College of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Selesih, Aizawl a Scientist te chu ASF dona kawng a hmalakna (action plan) ruahhman tur a ruat an ni bawk a ni.
ASF do na atana kan hmalak theihnate chu -
Vawkte lak thar dawn in khawihmun atanga lo kal nge a nih tihte fimkhur lehzuala hriatchian ngei ngei tur.
Airport atangte, rail leh bus terminal atanga chaw thing/eitur thing vawk chaw atan pek loh tur. Heng chaw/eiturte hi ram dang atanga lakluh an nih thin avangin natna hrik Mizoram in kanla hmelhriat ngailohte lo luhna a ni thei.
Vawk damlo an awmin dah hran tur.
Vawk damlo awmna hnaivai a bawlhhlawh/hnawmhnawk paih/then fai tur.
Vawk damlo dahna in fai taka sil a, hrik thahna hlo a kah fai tur.
Vety lam mithiamte rang taka hrilhhriat tur.
Saphihrik laka himna hmunah ngei vawk dah tur.
Vety lam mithiamte pawhin a zirchiangtu laboratory te hnenah a rang lama sample thehluh tur.
A hrilenna hun uluk taka chhinchhiah a, vawk lakluh chungchangah fimkhur lehzual tur.
A hrilenna hmun a zirchiangtu ten enfiah mai piahlamah, a velah a darh zel theihna a awm thei em tih enfiah tur.
Dr. Belinda Vangchhia and Prof. T.K. Dutta
Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology,
College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry,
Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram